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How do liberal democracies produce citizens who are capable of governing themselves? In considering this question, Barbara Cruikshank rethinks central topics in political theory, including the relationship between welfare and citizenship, democracy and despotism, and subjectivity and subjection. Drawing on theories of power and the creation of subjects, Cruikshank argues that individuals in a democracy are made into self-governing citizens through the small-scale and everyday practices of voluntary associations, reform movements, and social service programs. She argues that our empowerment is a measure of our subjection rather than of our autonomy from power. Through a close examination of several contemporary American "technologies of citizenship"-from welfare rights struggles to philanthropic self-help schemes to the organized promotion of self-esteem awareness-she demonstrates how social mobilization reshapes the political in ways largely unrecognized in democratic theory. Although the impact of a given reform movement may be minor, the techniques it develops for creating citizens far extend the reach of govermental authority. Combining a detailed knowledge of social policy and practice with insights from poststructural and feminist theory, The Will to Empower shows how democratic citizens and the political are continually recreated.

Political Science & Political History.

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The principal text translated in this volume is the Ta'rīkh Al-sūdān of the seventeenth-century Timbuktu scholar 'Abd al-Raḥmān al-Sa'dī. Thirty chapters are included, dealing with the history of Timbuktu and Jenne, their scholars, and the political history of the Songhay empire from the reign of Sunni 'Alī (1464-1492) through Moroccan conquest of Songhay in 1591 and down to the year 1613 when the Pashalik of Timbuktu became an autonomous ruling institution in the Middle Niger region. The year 1613 also marked the effective end of Songhay resistance. The other contemporary documents included are a new English translation of Leo Africanus's description of West Africa, some letters relating to Sa'dīan diplomacy and conquests in the Sahara and Sahel, al-Ifrānī's account of Sa'dīan conquest of Songhay, and an account of this expedition by an anonymous Spaniard. This publication has also been published in paperback, please click here for details.

Cultural history --- Political history

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In this book Don Rowney explores the changes in the Russian state administrative system that occurred across the revolutionary divide of 1917, with a focus on the period from the Civil War through the New Economic Policy (NEP) era to the onslaught of collectivization and rapid industrialization in 1929.

Political Science & Political History.

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italian political history --- contemporary history

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royal studies --- history --- politics --- political history --- monarchy